Editing Male urethra


== Hypospadias ==

* Indications for surgery:
** Improve sexual function
** Correct problems with urinary stream
** Cosmetic reasons
* Avoid circumcision before the hypospadias has been repaired

== Epispadias ==

* Urethral opening on dorsum of the penis

== Urethral stricture ==

* Aetiology
** Inflammatory
*** Urethritis - most commonly in bulbar urethra
*** Balanitis xerotica obliterans - fibrosis of the foreskin resulting in phimosis
** Traumatic
*** Bulbar urethral injury
*** Pelvic fracture urethral disruption injury
** Iatrogenic
*** Secondary to urethral instrumentation including catheterisation and TURP
**** Tends to happen either where urethra bends or where it narrows
*** Secondary to radical prostatectomy
*** Secondary to radiotherapy for prostate cancer
** Idiopathic
* Presentation
** Young man with poor stream, post-micturition dribbling
* Complications
** Retention - may need SPC
* Treatment
** Dilation is reserved for elderly men with short strictures that recur infrequently
** Short strictures with a clear traumatic history - urethroplasty - cure rates >90%
** All other strictures - internal urethrotomy (the stricture is cut using a knife passed through the sheath of a rigid urethroscope, usually cut at the 12 o'clock position)
** If recurs after that initial procedure, consider something more complex

== Urethral tumour ==

* Rare
* Consider if bloody urethral discharge
* SCC can develop in a stricture

[[Category:Urology]]