Editing Lower limb (section)

== '''Fascia, muscle and compartments''' ==

* Thigh
** Fascia lata - deep fascia
*** Thickest laterally, where       it forms the iliotibial tract
** Encloses soft tissue into      three compartments, usually with separate innervation and lymphatic      drainage:
*** Adductor (pretty much all       supplied by obturator nerve)
**** Gracilis
***** Most superficial
***** Arises from lower part of         pubic body/ramus and inserts into upper tibia
***** Hip flexor/adductor
**** Pectineus
***** Flat, quadrangular muscle
***** Arises from pecten pubis         and inserts into femur between lesser trochanter and linea aspera
***** Supplied by femoral nerve
***** Adductor of the thigh
**** Adductor longus
***** Most anterior of the         adductors
***** Fans out to insert to         linea aspera
***** Floor of the adductor         canal
**** Adductor brevis
**** Adductor magnus
***** Largest adductor
*** Sartorius
**** Arises ASIS, inserts upper        medial tibia
**** Medial blood supply with        multiple small arteries entering along medial side from SFA
**** Flexes hip and knee,        externally rotates femur
**** Medial edge is aligned        with a straight line from ASIS to medial femoral condyle
**** Supplied by anterior        division of femoral nerve

* Quadriceps
** Rectus femoris
*** Two tendons - one from AIIS       and the other above acetabulum
*** Inserts via patellar tendon
** Vastus lateralis
*** Largest of the vasti
** Vastus medialis
** Vastus intermedius
** Patellar tendon inserts into      the tibial tuberosity

* Posterior femoral/hamstrings
** Biceps femoris
*** Long head from ischial       tuberosity; short head from linea aspera
*** Attaches to head of fibula
** Semitendinosus
*** Arises from ischial       tuberosity and inserts to medial tibia
** Semimembranosus
*** Arises from ischial       tuberosity and mostly inserts to medial tibial condyle

* Leg
** Superficial fascia encircles      the leg and is continuous with fascia lata of the thigh. This is adherent      to underlying structures around knee joint and ankle joint. Thickened      bands condense into retinacula at the ankle: restraining extensor, flexor      and evertor tendons.
** Strong septa join the crural      fascia to the fibula, and also partition the leg into anterior, posterior      and lateral compartments.
** Tough interosseous membrane      divides the anterior from posterior spaces. There is also a secondary      interosseous septum arching posteriorly, dividing the posterior spaces      into superficial and deep compartments.
** Only two of the compartments      contain '''arteries''':
*** ATA in anterior compartment
*** PTA and peroneal arteries       in the deep posterior compartment, sending branches to superficial       posterior and lateral compartments.
** Each major compartment      contains a '''nerve''':
*** Deep posterior compartment       - tibial nerve
*** Anterior - deep peroneal       nerve
*** Lateral - superficial       peroneal nerve
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