Editing Kidney transplant (section)

== Complications ==

* Immediate
** Bleeding - re-explore
** Thrombosis of renal vessels - usually technical error, requires immediate re-exploration
** Hyperacute rejection - presents with intra-renal thrombosis - usually straight to nephrectomy
* Early
** Infection
*** Wound
*** Pneumonia
*** UTI
** Bleeding
** Lymphocoele
*** Variable presentation - compression of vascular or ureteric structures
*** Confirm via aspiration
*** Peritoneal window may be useful to drain
** Urine leak
*** Small leaks - nephrostomy
*** Large leaks - explore
** Early obstruction of ureter
*** Often stent
** Systemic complications
** Delayed graft function
*** Dialysis required in first week
*** Exclude rejection vascular and ureteric complications
*** Dialysis required based on usual indications
* Late
** Vascular
*** Renal artery stenosis, or stenosis at anastomosis
**** May present with HTN
**** Treat with PTA or surgery
*** False aneurysm at anastomosis, or mycotic aneurysm
*** Late renal vein thrombosis can present with sudden-onset haematuria
** Ureteric
*** Strictures - stent, stricturoplasty, re-implantation
*** Ischaemic strictures likely require re-operation
*** VUR
** Immunosuppression complications
*** See separate topic
** Malignancy
*** See separate topic
** Graft failure
*** Rejection - see separate topic
*** Chronic allograft nephropathy - combination of chronic rejection and damage from immunosuppression
*** Return of renal disease