Editing Urinary incontinence (section)

== Investigation ==

* Frequency voiding charts
* Urodynamic testing
** Artificially simulate bladder filling and emptying while taking pressure measurements
** Indications:
*** Distinguishing stress incontinence from detrusor instability in women
*** Classification of neurogenic bladder dysfunction
*** Distinguish bladder outflow obstruction from idiopathic detrusor instability in men
*** Low threshold in general for use in investigating incontinence or LUTS
** Overactive bladder
*** Phasic increases in pressure give rise to urgency and urge incontinence
*** Found in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction, such as MS or PD, or after a stroke or spinal cord injury
*** 50% of men with BOO have detrusor instability, and in about half of them the problem resolves after prostatectomy
** Genuine stress incontinence
*** Leakage due to increased abdominal pressure, not just increased true detrusor pressure
*** Caused by sphincter weakness
** Chronic urinary retention
*** Incontinence is secondary to overflow, with large residual volume
** Bladder outflow obstruction
*** Increased voiding pressures, often in excess of 90cm H2O, coupled with low urinary flow rates
* Urine MCS
* Creatinine