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=== Lactational === {| class="wikitable" |'''Medication class''' |'''Frequency of prolactin elevation*''' |'''Mechanism''' |- |'''Antipsychotics, first generation''' | | |- |Chlorpromazine |Moderate |Dopamine D2 receptor blockade within hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular system. |- |Fluphenazine |High | |- |Haloperidol |High | |- |Loxapine |Moderate | |- |Perphenazine |Moderate | |- |Pimozide |Moderate | |- |Thiothixene |Moderate | |- |Trifluoperazine |Moderate | |- |'''Antipsychotics, second generation''' | | |- |Aripiprazole |None or low |Dopamine D2 receptor blockade. |- |Asenapine |Moderate | |- |Clozapine |None or low | |- |Iloperidone |None or low | |- |Lurasidone |None or low | |- |Olanzapine |Low | |- |Paliperidone |High | |- |Quetiapine |None or low | |- |Risperidone |High | |- |Ziprasidone |Low | |- |'''Antidepressants, cyclic''' | | |- |Amitriptyline |Low |Not well understood. Possibly by GABA stimulation and indirect modulation of prolactin release by serotonin. |- |Desipramine |Low | |- |Clomipramine |High | |- |Nortriptyline |None | |- |'''Antidepressants, SSRI''' | | |- |Citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline |None or low (rare reports) |Same as for cyclic antidepressants. |- |'''Antidepressants, other''' | | |- |Bupropion, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, trazodone |None |Not applicable. |- |'''Antiemetic and gastrointestinal''' | | |- |Metoclopramide |High |Dopamine D2 receptor blockade. |- |Domperidone (not available in United States) |High | |- |Prochlorperazine |Low | |- |'''Antihypertensives''' | | |- |Verapamil |Low |Not well understood. Specific to verapamil. May involve calcium influx inhibition within tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. |- |Methyldopa |Moderate |Decreased conversion of L-dopa to dopamine; suppression of dopamine synthesis. |- |Most other antihypertensives (including other calcium channel blockers) |None |Not applicable. |- |'''Opioid analgesics''' | | |- |Methadone, morphine, others |Transient increase for several hours following dose |Potentially an indirect effect of mu opiate receptor activation. |}
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