Editing Mesenteric ischaemia (section)

=== '''Risk factors''' ===

* Women:men 3:1
* Typically seen in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities
* '''Mesenteric embolus:'''
** AF/flutter
** Recent MI
** Ventricular aneurysm
** CCF/cardiomyopathy
** Peripheral arterial emboli
** Proximal arterial sources such as cardiac valvular disease, aortic aneurysm or mural thrombus, or recent DSA
* '''Acute-on-chronic mesenteric thrombosis'''
** History consistent with chronic mesenteric ischaemia previously
* '''NOMI:'''
** More likely to be critically ill and in shock from alternative sources
** Classically cardiac surgery and haemodialysis patients are at risk
* '''Mesenteric venous thrombosis:'''
** Commonly middle-aged or older patients
** Hx VTE/PE
** Primary MVT - spontaneous, idiopathic thrombosis of the mesenteric veins not associated with any other disease or aetiologic factor
** Secondary MVT - those with an underlying condition
*** Direct injury
**** Abdominal trauma
**** Post-surgical, especially splenectomy (thrombus propagates from ligated splenic vein to portomesenteric system
**** Intra-abdominal inflammatory states (occurs with IBD near the inflamed bowel)
**** Peritonitis and abdominal abscess
*** Local venous congestion or stasis
**** Portal hypertension/cirrhosis
**** CCF
**** Hypersplenism
**** Obesity
**** Abdominal hypertension (especially in obese patients post RYGB)
*** Thrombophilia (inherited thrombophilia found in 50% of patients with MVT)
**** Protein C/S deficiency
**** Antithrombin III deficiency
**** FVL
**** Prothrombin 2010 A
**** Cancer
**** COCP
**** Myeloproliferative disorders (polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocytopaenia, JAK2 mutation)
**** HITS
**** Lupus anticoagulant-antiphospholipid syndrome
**** CMV infection
**** Extramesenteric venous thromboembolism