Editing Congenital thoracic disorders (section)

== Congenital abnormalities of the trachea and bronchi ==

* Oesophageal atresia with trache-oesophageal fistula
** Separate topic
* Bronchial atresia
** Lung tissue distal to the atresia expands and becomes emphysematous as a result of air entry through collateral airways/pores
** No exit for air or mucus - emphysema from air trapping, or mucocoele may result
** Most frequently involves left upper lobe
* Tracheal agenesis
** Fatal
* Tracheal stenosis
** Separate topic
* Tracheomalacia
** Marked variation of tracheal lumen with inspiration and expiration (defined by collapse >70% of lumen)
** Stent placement may  be required
** Most often actually seen in adults with COPD