Editing Lower extremity amputation (section)

== Types ==

* Minor
** Digit
*** For minor tissue loss - confined to distal phalanx
*** Tolerated well, apart from great toe
*** Loss of third digit is barely even missed
** Ray
*** Removal of entire phalanx
*** Indications - involvement of proximal phalanx/web space/metatarsal head
** Transmetatarsal
*** Infectious process extends into forefoot
*** Multiple toes are involved
** Chopart
*** Midtarsal joint amputation - calcaneocuboidtalonavicular level (preserves calcaneus and talus)
** Syme
*** Used in severe foot trauma
*** Contraindicated in patients with neurotrophic ulcers or ischaemic vascular disease
*** Can ambulate without a prosthesis
* Major
** Transtibial/BKA
*** 30-60% increase in energy required to ambulate with a prosthetic
*** 75% chance of ambulating with a prosthetic
** Through-knee
*** Rarely performed
*** Sometimes done emergently for ascending infection, then converted to transfemoral amputations once the infection has cleared
** Transfemoral/AKA
*** Can't have BKA because of tissue loss/muscle ischaemia/poor rehab potential
*** 60-100% increase in energy required to ambulate
*** 40% chance of ambulating with a prosthetic
** Hip disarticulation
*** Proximal thigh ischaemia/trauma