Editing Cranium (section)

== Cranial nerves ==
For anatomical path, see 'nerves' under 'Neck' section
{| class="wikitable"
|No.
|Name
|Sensory/motor
|Origin/target
|Exit path
|Function
|Exam
|-
|I
|Olfactory
|Sensory
|
|
|Smell from nasal cavity
|Smell
|-
|II
|Optic
|Sensory
|Retinal ganglion cells
|Optic canal
|Vision from retina to brain
|VA, visual fields
|-
|III
|Oculomotor
|Mainly motor
|Anterior midbrain
|Superior orbital fissure
|EOM except LR and SO; pupillary constriction
|EOM
|-
|IV
|Trochlear
|Motor
|Dorsal midbrain
|Superior orbital fissure
|SO (depress, abduct and intort the eyeball)
|EOM
|-
|V
|Trigeminal
|Both
|Pons
|V1 - ophthalmic - SOF.


V2 - maxillary - foramen rotundum.


V3 (and lingual nerve) - mandibular - foramen ovale.
|Sensation from face, mouth and nasal cavity, muscles of mastication
|Sensation
|-
|VI
|Abducents
|Motor
|Pons
|Superior orbital fissure
|LR - abducts
|EOM
|-
|VII
|Facial
|Both
|Pons
|Stylomastoid foramen
|Motor to facial expression, posterior digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius. Chorda tympani: taste from anterior 2/3 tongue and secretomotor innervation to lacrimal glands and submandibular/lingual glands.
|Expression
|-
|VIII
|Vestibulocochlear
|Sensory
|
|Internal acoustic canal
|Sensation of sound, rotation and gravity.
|Hearing
|-
|IX
|Glossopharyngeal
|Both
|Medulla
|Jugular foramen
|Taste from posterior 1/3 tongue, secretomotor to parotid, motor to stylopharyngeus.
|Afferent for gag reflex
|-
|X
|Vagus
|Both
|Posterolateral sulcus of medulla
|Jugular foramen
|Most laryngeal/pharyngeal muscles and sensation. PNS to nearly all thoracic and abdominal viscera.
|Efferent for gag reflex
|-
|XI
|Spinal accessory
|Motor
|
|Jugular foramen
|SCM and trapezius
|Movement
|-
|XII
|Hypoglossal
|Motor
|Medulla
|Hypoglossal canal
|Motor innervation to muscles of tongue.
|Stick tongue out
|}
[[Category:Anatomy]]