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== Staging == '''Breast carcinoma TNM staging AJCC UICC 2010''' {| class="wikitable" |'''Primary tumor (T)*¶Δ''' | | | |- |TX |Primary tumor cannot be assessed | | |- |T0 |No evidence of primary tumor | | |- |Tis |Carcinoma in situ | | |- |Tis (DCIS) |Ductal carcinoma in situ | | |- |Tis (LCIS) |Lobular carcinoma in situ | | |- |Tis (Paget's) |Paget's disease (Paget disease) of the nipple NOT associated with invasive carcinoma and/or carcinoma in situ (DCIS and/or LCIS) in the underlying breast parenchyma. Carcinomas in the breast parenchyma associated with Paget's disease are categorized based on the size and characteristics of the parenchymal disease, although the presence of Paget's disease should still be noted. | | |- |T1 |Tumor ≤20 mm in greatest dimension | | |- |T1mi |Tumor ≤1 mm in greatest dimension | | |- |T1a |Tumor >1 mm but ≤5 mm in greatest dimension | | |- |T1b |Tumor >5 mm but ≤10 mm in greatest dimension | | |- |T1c |Tumor >10 mm but ≤20 mm in greatest dimension | | |- |T2 |Tumor >20 mm but ≤50 mm in greatest dimension | | |- |T3 |Tumor >50 mm in greatest dimension | | |- |T4◊ |Tumor of any size with direct extension to the chest wall and/or to the skin (ulceration or skin nodules) | | |- |T4a |Extension to the chest wall, not including only pectoralis muscle adherence/invasion | | |- |T4b |Ulceration and/or ipsilateral satellite nodules and/or edema (including peau d'orange) of the skin, which do not meet the criteria for inflammatory carcinoma | | |- |T4c |Both T4a and T4b | | |- |T4d |Inflammatory carcinoma§ | | |- |'''Posttreatment ypT.¥''' The use of neoadjuvant therapy does not change the clinical (pretreatment) stage. Clinical (pretreatment) T will be defined by clinical and radiographic findings, while y pathologic (posttreatment) T will be determined by pathologic size and extension. The ypT will be measured as the largest single focus of invasive tumor, with the modifier "m" indicating multiple foci. The measurement of the largest tumor focus should not include areas of fibrosis within the tumor bed. | | | |- |'''Regional lymph nodes (N)''' | | | |- |'''Clinical''' | | | |- |NX |Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed (eg, previously removed) | | |- |N0 |No regional lymph node metastases | | |- |N1 |Metastases to movable ipsilateral level I, II axillary lymph node(s) | | |- |N2 |Metastases in ipsilateral level I, II axillary lymph nodes that are clinically fixed or matted; or in clinically detected‡ ipsilateral internal mammary nodes in the ''absence'' of clinically evident axillary lymph node metastases | | |- |N2a |Metastases in ipsilateral level I, II axillary lymph nodes fixed to one another (matted) or to other structures | | |- |N2b |Metastases only in clinically detected‡ ipsilateral internal mammary nodes and in the ''absence'' of clinically evident level I, II axillary lymph node metastases | | |- |N3 |Metastases in ipsilateral infraclavicular (level III axillary) lymph node(s) with or without level I, II axillary lymph node involvement; or in clinically detected‡ ipsilateral internal mammary lymph node(s) with clinically evident level I, II axillary lymph node metastases; or metastases in ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node(s) with or without axillary or internal mammary lymph node involvement | | |- |N3a |Metastases in ipsilateral infraclavicular lymph node(s) | | |- |N3b |Metastases in ipsilateral internal mammary lymph node(s) and axillary lymph node(s) | | |- |N3c |Metastases in ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node(s) | | |- |'''Pathologic (pN)†**''' | | | |- |pNX |Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed (eg, previously removed, or not removed for pathologic study) | | |- |pN0 |No regional lymph node metastasis identified histologically | | |- |pN0(i-) |No regional lymph node metastases histologically, negative immunohistochemistry (IHC) | | |- |pN0(i+) |Malignant cells in regional lymph node(s) no greater than 0.2 mm (detected by H&E or IHC including isolated tumor cell clusters (ITC)) | | |- |pN0(mol-) |No regional lymph node metastases histologically, negative molecular findings (RT-PCR)¶¶ | | |- |pN0(mol+) |Positive molecular findings (RT-PCR)¶¶, but no regional lymph node metastases detected by histology or IHC | | |- |pN1 |Micrometastases; or metastases in 1-3 axillary lymph nodes; and/or in internal mammary nodes with metastases detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy but not clinically detected ΔΔ | | |- |pN1mi |Micrometastases (greater than 0.2 mm and/or more than 200 cells, but none greater than 2.0 mm) | | |- |pN1a |Metastases in 1-3 axillary lymph nodes, at least one metastasis greater than 2 mm | | |- |pN1b |Metastases in internal mammary nodes with micrometastases or macrometastases detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy but not clinically detected ΔΔ | | |- |pN1c |Metastases in 1-3 axillary lymph nodes and in internal mammary lymph nodes with micrometastases or macrometastases detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy but not clinically detected | | |- |pN2 |Metastases in 4-9 axillary lymph nodes; or in clinically detected◊◊ internal mammary lymph nodes in the ''absence'' of axillary lymph node metastases | | |- |pN2a |Metastases in 4-9 axillary lymph nodes (at least one tumor deposit greater than 2.0 mm) | | |- |pN2b |Metastases in clinically detected◊◊ internal mammary lymph nodes in the ''absence'' of axillary lymph node metastases | | |- |pN3 |Metastases in ten or more axillary lymph nodes; or in infraclavicular (level III axillary) lymph nodes; or in clinically detected◊◊ ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes in the ''presence'' of one or more positive level I, II axillary lymph nodes; or in more than three axillary lymph nodes and in internal mammary lymph nodes with micrometastases or macrometastases detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy but not clinically detected ΔΔ; or in ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes | | |- |pN3a |Metastases in ten or more axillary lymph nodes (at least one tumor deposit greater than 2.0 mm); or metastases to the infraclavicular (level III axillary lymph) nodes | | |- |pN3b |Metastases in clinically detected◊◊ ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes in the ''presence'' of one or more positive axillary lymph nodes; or in more than three axillary lymph nodes and in internal mammary lymph nodes with micrometastases or macrometastases detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy but not clinically detected ΔΔ | | |- |pN3c |Metastases in ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes | | |- |'''Posttreatment ypN''' | | | |- | ** Post-treatment yp "N" should be evaluated as for clinical (pretreatment) "N" methods above. The modifier "sn" is used only if a sentinel node evaluation was performed after treatment. If no subscript is attached, it is assumed that the axillary nodal evaluation was by axillary node dissection (AND). | | | |- | ** The X classification will be used (ypNX) if no yp posttreatment SN or AND was performed | | | |- | ** N categories are the same as those for pN | | | |- |'''Distant metastasis (M)''' | | | |- |M0 |No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastases | | |- |cM0(i+) |No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastases, but deposits of molecularly or microscopically detected tumor cells in circulating blood, bone marrow, or other nonregional nodal tissue that are no larger than 0.2 mm in a patient without symptoms or signs of metastases | | |- |M1 |Distant detectable metastases as determined by classic clinical and radiographic means and/or histologically proven larger than 0.2 mm | | |- |'''Posttreatment yp M classification.''' The M category for patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy is the category assigned in the clinical stage, prior to initiation of neoadjuvant therapy. Identification of distant metastases after the start of therapy in cases where pretherapy evaluation showed no metastases is considered progression of disease. If a patient was designated to have detectable distant metastases (M1) before chemotherapy, the patient will be designated as M1 throughout. | | | |- |'''Anatomic stage/prognostic groups§§''' | | | |- |0 |Tis |N0 |M0 |- |IA |T1¥¥ |N0 |M0 |- |IB |T0 |N1mi |M0 |- | |T1¥¥ |N1mi |M0 |- |IIA |T0 |N1‡‡ |M0 |- | |T1¥¥ |N1‡‡ |M0 |- | |T2 |N0 |M0 |- |IIB |T2 |N1 |M0 |- | |T3 |N0 |M0 |- |IIIA |T0 |N2 |M0 |- | |T1¥¥ |N2 |M0 |- | |T2 |N2 |M0 |- | |T3 |N1 |M0 |- | |T3 |N2 |M0 |- |IIIB |T4 |N0 |M0 |- | |T4 |N1 |M0 |- | |T4 |N2 |M0 |- |IIIC |Any T |N3 |M0 |- |IV |Any T |Any N |M1 |} '''Breast carcinoma TNM clinical prognostic stage groups AJCC UICC 8th edition''' {| class="wikitable" |'''When TNM is...''' |'''And grade is...''' |'''And HER2 status is...''' |'''And ER status is...''' |'''And PR status is...''' |'''Then the clinical prognostic stage group is...''' |- |Tis N0 M0 |Any |Any |Any |Any |0 |- |T1* N0 M0 T0 N1mi M0 T1* N1mi M0 |G1 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IB |- |T1* N0 M0 T0 N1mi M0 T1* N1mi M0 |G2 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IB |- |T1* N0 M0 T0 N1mi M0 T1* N1mi M0 |G3 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IB |- |T0 N1¶ M0 T1* N1¶ M0 T2 N0 M0 |G1 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- |T0 N1¶ M0 T1* N1¶ M0 T2 N0 M0 |G2 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- |T0 N1¶ M0 T1* N1¶ M0 T2 N0 M0 |G3 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- |T2 N1Δ M0 T3 N0 M0 |G1 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- |T2 N1Δ M0 T3 N0 M0 |G2 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- |T2 N1Δ M0 T3 N0 M0 |G3 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- |T0 N2 M0 T1* N2 M0 T2 N2 M0 T3 N1Δ M0 T3 N2 M0 |G1 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- |T0 N2 M0 T1* N2 M0 T2 N2 M0 T3 N1Δ M0 T3 N2 M0 |G2 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- |T0 N2 M0 T1* N2 M0 T2 N2 M0 T3 N1Δ M0 T3 N2 M0 |G3 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIC |- |T4 N0 M0 T4 N1Δ M0 T4 N2 M0 Any T N3 M0 |G1 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIC |- |T4 N0 M0 T4 N1Δ M0 T4 N2 M0 Any T N3 M0 |G2 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIC |- |T4 N0 M0 T4 N1Δ M0 T4 N2 M0 Any T N3 M0 |G3 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIC |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIC |- | | | | |Negative |IIIC |- |Any T Any N M1 |Any |Any |Any |Any |IV |} '''Breast carcinoma TNM pathologic prognostic stage groups AJCC UICC 8th edition''' {| class="wikitable" |'''When TNM is...''' |'''And grade is...''' |'''And HER2 status is...''' |'''And ER status is...''' |'''And PR status is...''' |'''Then the pathological prognostic stage group is...''' |- |Tis N0 M0 |Any |Any |Any |Any |0 |- |T1* N0 M0 T0 N1mi M0 T1* N1mi M0 |G1 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- |T1* N0 M0 T0 N1mi M0 T1* N1mi M0 |G2 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IB |- |T1* N0 M0 T0 N1mi M0 T1* N1mi M0 |G3 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IB |- |T0 N1¶ M0 T1* N1¶ M0 T2 N0 M0 |G1 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- |T0 N1¶ M0 T1* N1¶ M0 T2 N0 M0 |G2 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- |T0 N1¶ M0 T1* N1¶ M0 T2 N0 M0 |G3 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIA |- |T2 N1Δ M0 T3 N0 M0 |G1 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IA |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- |T2 N1Δ M0 T3 N0 M0 |G2 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- |T2 N1Δ M0 T3 N0 M0 |G3 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- |T0 N2 M0 T1* N2 M0 T2 N2 M0 T3 N1Δ M0 T3 N2 M0 |G1 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- |T0 N2 M0 T1* N2 M0 T2 N2 M0 T3 N1Δ M0 T3 N2 M0 |G2 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- |T0 N2 M0 T1* N2 M0 T2 N2 M0 T3 N1Δ M0 T3 N2 M0 |G3 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIA |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIC |- |T4 N0 M0 T4 N1Δ M0 T4 N2 M0 Any T N3 M0 |G1 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- |T4 N0 M0 T4 N1Δ M0 T4 N2 M0 Any T N3 M0 |G2 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIIA |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIC |- |T4 N0 M0 T4 N1Δ M0 T4 N2 M0 Any T N3 M0 |G3 |Positive |Positive |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIB |- | | |Negative |Positive |Positive |IIIB |- | | | | |Negative |IIIC |- | | | |Negative |Positive |IIIC |- | | | | |Negative |IIIC |- |Any T Any N M1 |Any |Any |Any |Any |IV |- |''NOTES:'' *# For cases with lymph node involvement with no evidence of primary tumor (eg, T0 N1, etc) or with breast ductal carcinoma ''in situ'' (eg, Tis N1, etc), the grade, HER2, ER, and PR information from the tumor in the lymph node should be used for assigning stage group. *# For cases where HER2 is determined to be "equivocal" by ISH (FISH or CISH) testing under the 2013 ASCO/CAP HER2 testing guidelines, the HER2 "negative" category should be used for staging in the pathological prognostic stage group table. *# The prognostic value of these prognostic stage groups is based on populations of persons with breast cancer that have been offered and mostly treated with appropriate endocrine and/or systemic chemotherapy (including anti-HER2 therapy). | | | | | |} === Staging scans: === * '''CT CAP + PET if:''' ** Inflammatory breast cancer ** Stage IIIA or higher disease (T3 or N2) ** ''The indications for PET are not very well-defined, apart from inflammatory cancer'' * Bone scan if: ** Localised bone pain ** Raised ALP ** If further suspicion despite negative bone scan, do a localised MRI * Chest CT/CXR if pulmonary complaints * CT abdo/pelvis if abnormal LFTs, elevated ALP, abdominal pain, abnormal abdo exam * CTB if neurological symptoms * Breast MRI for lobular cancer
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