Editing Haemodialysis access (section)

== Access monitoring ==

* Indications for further evaluation:
** Access flow <600mL/min
** Access flow <1000mL/min which has decreased by 25% over 4 months
** Static venous dialysis pressures (more useful with prosthetic access):
*** Dialysis pump turned off, and the circuit is allowed to equilibrate. The venous (efferent) needle pressure is used as the static venous pressure.
*** Venous pressure >50% of the mean arterial pressure are abnormal
*** Trend is more important than absolute value in most cases
** Arm oedema/altered characteristics of access thrill/prolonged bleeding after needle removal
** Any abnormalities noted on fistulogram
** Limited urea clearance with dialysis
*** Kt/V (K is rate of clearance of urea, t is duration of dialysis, V is the patient's urea distribution volume) should be >1.2