Editing Pericardial effusion/tamponade (section)

== Aetiology of '''effusion''': (virtually any disease that involves the pericardium can cause an effusion) ==

* Idiopathic
** Often seen as asymptomatic effusions in otherwise healthy people
* Infectious
** Viral - echovirus, coxsackievirus, adenovirus, CMV, HBV, IMN, HIV/AIDS, SARS-CoV-2
** Bacterial
** HIV-associated
** Fungal
** Protozoal
* Inflammatory
** Autoimmune - SLE, RA, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, Sjogren syndrome, IBD
** Drug-induced autoimmune diseases - procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid, cyclosporine
** Arteritis - polyarteritis nodosa, temporal arteritis
** Post-MI (Dressler syndrome)
** Miscellaneous - sarcoidosis, Erdheim-Chester disease, Churg-Strauss disease, IgG4 disease
* Cancer (20%)
** Malignant involvement - either by direct invasion or lymphatic seeding, having first involved mediastinal nodes. Tumour must involve epicardium to cause an effusion.
** Primary - mesothelioma, fibrosarcoma, lipoma
** Secondary - breast and lung carcinoma, lymphomas, Kaposi sarcoma
* Radiation-induced
* Early post-cardiac surgery
* Haemopericardium
** Trauma
** Post-MI free wall rupture
** Endomyocardial biopsy
** Dissecting aortic aneurysm
** Device and procedure-related
** Oral anticoagulants
* Congenital
* Miscellaneous
** Chronic renal failure
** Pulmonary HTN
** Hypothyroidism
** Protein malnutrition
** Cholesterol
** Amyloidosis
** Polycystic kidney disease